Apparatus for molding.



Patented July 1,1902.

J. c. REED. APPARATUS FOR-MOLDING.

(Application filed Aug, 29, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

,740. Patented July I, I902.

.J. C; REED.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING.

(Application filed Aug. 29. 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

w: MORE 5 PETERS co, PnoT'o-Lwna,

J. c. REED.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING Patented July I, I902.

(Application fll ed Aug. 29, 1899.|

i Sheeis8heet 3.

(No mm.)

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No. 703,740. Patented July I, I902.

J. C. REED.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING.

. {Application filed Aug. 29, 1899.) (No Model.) 1 4 Shasta-Sheet 4 m: NORRIS PETERS co. PHOYO-LII'NQ, wunmcro n. c.

UNITED STATES P TENT OFFICE.

JOHN C. REED, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,740, dated J ulyl, 1902.

' Application filed August 29, 1899. Serial No. 728,871. (No model.)

To wZZ Lu/7,0111, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN G. REED, a citizen of the United States, residing at Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Molding; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying draw ings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. 1

My invention has relation to apparatus for molding, and has for its object the provision of novel means for making the molds for and effecting the casting of large and comparatively light hollow articles, particularly bathtubs, in a more perfect, rapid, and economical manner than has been possible where the methods and apparatus known are employed.

Heretofore in the manufacture of bath-tubs and other large hollow ware it has been customary to employ a single pattern corresponding in shape to the article to be cast, and in order that my invention, which contemplates the use of two patterns, may be better understood I will describe the manner in which the single pattern has been heretofore employed. A metallic pattern is prepared which in every particular of size and shape conforms to the article to be cast, and a board is laid on the foundry-floor and leveled up with sand, and the pattern is laid upon this board hollow side down. The cheek part of a flask is laid upon this board, surrounding the pattern, and sand is thrown into the space between the cheek and pattern on the pattern and rammed in the usual manner until the cheek is filled up and a parting is made at the top of the cheek. The cope part of the flask is then placed on top of cheek, secured'thereto, and the cope is filled with sand, and the gates being placed in position the sand is rammed. up and leveled. The cheek being firmly clamped to the board upon which it was placed and the cope being also firmly secured to the check, as aforesaid, the whole is now turned over upon a portion of the floor which has been leveled up with loose sand. The board is now unclamped from the cheek and the parting made and the pattern is rapped all over inside, so as to lessen the adhesion of the sand to its eX- terior surface. The pattern is now filled with sand, which is rammed, and a nowel placed on the cheek, and the nowel is then filled with sand, which is rammed up and stricken 01f, and the center of the mold is hollowed out to a limited depth for venting purposes. The drag portion of the mold is now thoroughly vented with aproper wire, and the bottom board is then placed in position on the nowel and securely clamped. The mold is now again turned over and rests on the bottom board, and the mold being now ready to open the cope is unclamped from the cheek and is removed, and the check is slowly and carefully wedged at various points to free the sand from the pattern, and when this has been accomplished the cheek, with its contained sand, is carefully lifted off the metallic pattern. The pattern is again rapped all over, this time on the outside", so as to free the sand inside from adhesion to the pattern, and the pattern is finally lifted off the sand. The cheek and cope parts being'restored to their original positions and again securely clamped leaves the complete mold ready for the reception of the molten iron.

The method' above described, while it has been extensively and, indeed, almost exclusivelypra'cticed in the manufacture of large hollowware or articles such as bath-tubs, is slow, laborious, costly, and requires a very high degree of skill in the molder. The operations of lifting the pattern from the sand and the lifting of the cheek, with the inclosed sand, from the pattern are accomplished with difficulty and require the most careful manipulation lest the sand be defaced. The rapping of the mold inside and outside is a tedious and difficult, but necessary,-operation, and however carefully this may be done the pattern is certain to bear marks of each successive rapping and to be eventually rendered useless, and as the construction of a proper pattern is a matter of very great difficulty and expense the replacement of patterns figures very largely in the cost of production of articles manufactured according to the old method.

In carrying my invention into effect I do not use a single pattern conforming to the article to be manufactured; but instead of such single pattern I use two patterns, one (the concave pattern) having a surface conforming to the interior of the article to be manufactured, the other (the convex pattern) having a surface conforming to the exterior surface of the article to be manufactured, and by using these two patterns conjointly to form a green-sand mold I am enabled to form the cavity in the mold of the exact size and form required for the production of the desired article.

My invention consists in the novel apparatus for molding herein described and claimed, and in the accompanying drawings I have shown such novel apparatus.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the nowel part of the mold with the concave pattern in position; Fig. 2, a similar view of the cheek part of a mold with the convex pattern in position therein; Figs. 3 and 4, similar views of the two parts of the mold after the removal of the patterns; Fig. 5, a vertical sectional view showing the several parts of the mold assembled together and ready for casting; Fig. (5, a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2. Fig. Sis a side elevation of the parts of the mold shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the nowel part of the mold shown in Fig. 1.

As the cheek part of the mold and the nowel part of the mold may he considered as separately-operable parts each designed to produce part of a mold, which parts of a mold are according to my method ultimately designed to be joined together to produce the entire and perfect mold, I will first separately describe the construction and operation of each of these parts and will then describe the manner of uniting the separate members or parts of the mold, so as to produce the desired article by the casting operation.

Referring first to Fig. 1, A designates a nowel composed of the horizontal flange B and the wall a. E designates the pattern, which is of such size and shape that its ininterior surface corresponds exactly with the interiorof the article which is to be cast in the complete mold. F designates a casing in which the pattern E is set, being fixed in position therein by means of cement, (shown at E.) The casing F has a horizontal flange F, that corresponds to the horizontal flange B of the nowel and supports the same. Near each end of the casing F and journaled in lugs g g are horizontal shafts H H, having cams I I, that are embraced by yokes K K, which have vertical pins 7c 7.1, that project through the flange F of the casing F and serve when the shafts are rotated to elevate the casing F and the pattern and separate the pattern from the mold formed upon the nowel, this vertical elevation of the casing and pattern being necessary to prevent any lateral motion of the pattern which would inevitably result in the destruction of the sand mold. The pattern E is so placed in the casing F that the rounded rim of the pattern will project slightly above the flat surface fof the casing, and a space between the wall a, and the rounded rim part of the pattern forms the parting. Pins L L, tapering from base to point,'project upwardly from the flange F of the casing F through the flange B of the nowel, the purpose of these pins being to hold the nowel in position while the sand is being packed in and to assist in guiding the casing F and pattern E when being lifted off.

I will now describe the construction of that part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings and will then describe the operation of the complete process up to the point of casting. A designates the main frame or base of the apparatus, composed of a heavy casting having parallel sides and rounded ends and a hollow central portion containing the pattern supporting and lifting devices hereinafter described. A cavity or depression B in the base A corresponds to the exterior contour of the article to be cast, and a frame 0 fits within said depression, resting on a lodge a. The sides of the cavity or depression are cut away, as shown at b, to permit of a slight longitudinal and lateral movement of the frame 0 upon the ledge a. D designates the pattern, which corresponds on its exterior surface to the exterior surface of the casting which is to be formed in the mold when the latter is completed, which inthis instance is a bath-tub having a rounded rim. The pattern D is securely attached to the frame 0, as by riveting'the two together, as shown at d Fig. 2, and the latter is of such depth that the curve of the rim of the pattern extends up to the upper surface of the frame A, so that the upper surface d of the frame forms the parting of the mold. The frame 0 is cast integral with longitudinal and lateral cross-bars E and F which have lugs e and fon theirlowersides, against the ends of which lugs stout jarring or striking bars or blocks H I bear, the latter being firmly bolted to the cross-bars E F and projecting through holes in the sides and ends of the frame A, these bars II and I being adapted and intended to be struck on their projecting ends to communicate a jarringor vibratory motion to the frame O,and through it to the pattern D, so as to facilitate the separation of the pattern from the sand. Shafts K L pass through the frame A from side to side and have squared projecting ends, and hangers 7c on the shaft K are connected with similar hangers Z Z on the shaft L by pitman-bars M so that any rotary motion given to either of the shafts will be communicated to the other. Upon each end of the shafts K L and outside of the frame A are attached cams M M, which work within yokes N N, that have upwardly-extending pins a n, which in one position of the cams M M are flush with or below the surface of cams project above such surface.

I within the flask in the usual manner.

the frame A and in another position of the Suitable caps O 0 cover the cams, the ends of the shafts I K projecting through the caps, as shown. P designates the cheek part of flask, which rests upon the fiat surface 61 of the frame A, and S the sand, which is packed Q, is the cope, which is of the usual form and is secured to the cheek in the usual manner. The base A being placed in position on the floor, the cheek part of the flask P is lowered over the pattern and filled with sand, which is packed and rammed to the level of the top of cheek, where, if necessary, a parting may be made, and the cap or top section Q of the copeis now placed in position and secured and filled with sand and rammed in the usual manner. When the flask is filled, the jarringbars H I are struck a number of blows with a heavy hammer, which has the eflect of communicating a jarring or vibratory motion to the pattern that effects the perfect separation of the sand from the entire surface of thepattern. After the pattern has been jarred sufficiently the shafts K and L are turned, and the cams M M, turning in the yokes N N, cause the pins 7?. n to rise and gradually and evenly elevate the flask and its contained sand from the pattern and from the base A. When the flask has been elevated in this manner a sufficient distance to obviate all danger of dis-} placement or defacement ofthe molded sand, which would be sure to ensue if the flask were moved horizontally while the sand is in contact with the pattern, it is elevated by the usual lifting apparatus and conveyed away and another flask placed in position over the pattern and the operation repeated, as before.

As the jarring or striking bars H I are apt to become battered and broken from the impact of the hammers used in striking their ends they are made separate from the frame 0 and attached to the same by bolts, so that they may be removed and replaced by new bars when necessary.

Operation: The parts shown in Fig. 1 being in the position shown, a quantity of sand having been first thrown into the pattern E andthe nowel A being lowered into the position. shown, so that the flange B will rest upon the flange F, sand .is now thrown into thepat tern and packed down and rammed in the usual manner. The mold is now reversed in position, so that the nowel is at the bottom, and the shafts H H being turned the casingv F and pattern E will be gradually raised until the pattern is quite out of contact with and some little distance above the sand, when the casing and pattern are lifted by a crane and conveyed to one side. The cheek portion of the mold having been formed, as before de-v scribed, by means of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, is now brought over the nowel part and lowered carefully down over the same, and. the nowel and cheek being firmly clamped together the casting is proceeded with in the usual manner.

Among the many advantages which my invention has over the ordinary methods and apparatus one of the most important is that by reason of the fact that I employ two patterns I am enabled to make each pattern either of such thickness or so reinforced by proper backing that-the yielding of the walls, which takesplace when a single pattern is employed and the sand is properly and sufficiently rammed thereon or therein and which must inevitably result in the production of an imperfect mold, is entirely obviated. I In the old method where a single pattern was used which was necessarily of the same thickness as the article .tobe produced, if the sand was rammed tightly the sides of the pattern would be bulged or pressed inward and the article when cast would be imperfect,

as it would of course be shaped exactly to the cavity of the mold.

If under the old method it was sought to avoid the bending or bulging of the pattern by ramming the sand very lightly, the sand would not be sufficiently packed to stand the necessary handling and the pressure of the molten metal, and for these reasons it has been impossible to produce an absolutely perfect article of uniform thickness throughout.

WVhere my improvements are adopted, the sand may be rammed as hard as necessary without the least danger of bending the pattern, and hence even with unskilled labor I am enabled to produce perfect molds of great firmness and equally perfect castings of even thickness throughout.

I wish to call particular attention to the means for separating the impacted sand from the patterns comprisingthe jarring-bars by means of which a Vibratory motion is imparted to the pattern for forming the cheek part of mold and the vertically movable pins andniechanism for operating the same,

'by means of which both patterns are sepa-- rated from the masses of sand which have been rammed into or around them, as by these devices I am enabled to secure the even and perfect separation of the sand and patterns and avoidall danger of marring the mold.

While referringin the foregoing description to the parts E and E aspatterns for-the sake of brevity andin order that those skilled in the art may readily understand'and praot-ice my invention,these parts are not in reality the article to be formed were frequently broken and destroyed by the pressure of the sand and required frequent replacement. It will be appreciated that in the case of such patterns their weakness increases in proportion to their size.

Having described my invention, I claim In an apparatus for forming the cope part of a mold, the combination of a pattern, a frame to which said pattern is secured, vibrating arms or bars attached to said frame, a base upon which said frame rests, formed with a depression to receive said frame, and with openings for the passage of said vibrat- JOHN C. REED.

Witnesses:

Jos. B. CONNALLY, HUMPHREY LYNCH. 

